It is quite known that no two minds are alike and thus, do not function similarly. This aspect applies in the learning sector as well. No two students or individuals learn in the same fashion. Our surroundings, peers, and teachers affect how we consume information and learn. These different ways of learning have been solidified as learning theories by psychologists over a considerable period of careful observation in people. Identifying different theories and inculcating them into the learning process can increase productivity. Some important educational theories are discussed as follows;
- Cognitive Learning Theory
This theory mainly focuses on mental processes as key factors in learning. It emphasises how both internal and external elements categorically influence learners. In this, internal elements would refer to, for example, the motivation to complete a chapter or the passion for doing well in an exam. External factors refer to all the forces around us, for example, our peers and how their approach towards learning affects our approach or how motivating our teachers are.
In simple words, the outside environment and our internal thoughts affect our cognition, which impacts how we learn. Students can understand that their thinking process can positively or negatively affect their learning approach and behaviour.
This knowledge helps students in having more control over their thought processes. Multiple strategies can help them understand their thoughts to utilise them better to make way for better learning opportunities.
2. Behaviourism Learning Theory
This theory is based on the idea that an individual’s behaviour is directly or indirectly affected by their interaction with their environment. It strongly argues that students’ learning processes and behaviours are influenced and learned by their external forces. The concept of internal factors is not so popular in this theory.
One such important example of behaviourism is positive reinforcement, a concept based on the very popular Pavlov dog experiment. In this, an individual or student is rewarded for excellent performance.
This applies quite heavily in the learning environment as students who receive positive behaviour or rewards such as praise or extra points for their excellent performance have a greater tendency to strive to maintain their excellent work. This also assists in retaining academic material better for students.
3. Constructivism Learning Theory
This theory’s core base is the belief that learners or students create their kind of learning based on their previous experiences. This means that learning is treated as an active process wherein they keep adding whatever they are being taught to their store of prior knowledge. This is personal and individual for each student and stresses that each student is a unique individual.
Understanding this theory is essential to allow students to have the freedom to create their learning. Each student has personal experiences which directly or indirectly influence the learning process. This would undoubtedly increase their efficiency and create a more receptive environment for learning as the students would feel more accepted.
4. Humanism Learning Theory
This theory is based on the abstract concept of self-actualisation. As described in Maslow’s hierarchy of needs, self-actualisation is the highest form of psychological development where the individual realises or fulfils their potential. It is also referred to as a need or the drive present in all. It is a top need wherein the individual or student achieves their finest potential. This is highly desirable, and learning environments are responsible for providing access to it.
Fulfilling the basic emotional and physical needs gives students a secure and comfortable place to learn and the necessary support to flourish.
5. Connectivism Learning Theory
Connectivism is a considerably new learning theory. As the name suggests, it suggests that individuals learn when they form connections. These connections could refer to anything like the hobbies they pursue, the peers around them, or the kind of personal goals they wish to achieve.
Since these connections are essential in their growth, utilising positive associations in the learning process can increase productivity drastically. This also helps create healthy relationships with peers and teachers, crucial parts of a student’s educational journey.
Along with these main learning theories, several other approaches encompass the different kinds of learning students undertake. Different theories suit different students, and the knowledge of the same helps in the learning process. Find the learning theory you seem to be using and read more about it. Here’s to self-discovery!
